Modern CNC Milling Technology is no longer exclusive to industry. These machines are gaining increasing popularity among hobbyists and machining enthusiasts. The development of compact models has made owning a milling machine in the garage or basement accessible to many enthusiasts.
Home CNC Milling Machine opens unlimited creative possibilities for hobbyists. From intricate engravings to precise mechanical parts, everything can be done independently. This technology enables the realization of projects that previously required costly external services.
Investing in a home milling machine, however, requires a thoughtful approach. Technical requirements, operating costs, and safety aspects must be considered. A properly selected device can serve for years, bringing satisfaction from personal achievements.
Basic Technical Requirements for a CNC Milling Machine in a Home Workshop
Installing a CNC milling machine at home requires meeting several basic technical conditions. Every system component must be appropriately matched to the residential environment’s specifics. Proper preparation of the workspace determines the comfort and safety of machine operation.
The most popular home models have motor power ranging from 500-1500W, which is sufficient for most hobby projects. Deeper metal machining requires units with at least 1000W power. Amateurs often find machines with 500-800W power adequate for working with wood and plastics.
Device Dimensions and Weight Adapted to Home Space
Compact CNC milling machines usually occupy an area of 1-2 square meters. Mini models with a working area of 300x300mm work excellently in small workshops. Devices with external dimensions of 550x420x420mm fit even on a sturdy workbench.
Larger models require a dedicated workstation. Milling machines with a working area of 600x900mm need a room of at least 6 square meters. The weight of a typical home machine ranges from 50 to 200 kilograms.
The most important dimensions should be checked before purchase. The machine base area and device height considering the working envelope are key parameters. The space needed for operation and tool changes is often underestimated by beginner users.
- Machine base area
- Device height considering the working envelope
- Space needed for operation and tool changes
- Space for control computer and monitor
- Access to control cabinets
Proper planning of workshop space eliminates later operational problems. Access to all machine components must be ensured at the operator’s level.
Electrical Power Supply and Auxiliary Installations
Standard home milling machines require single-phase 230V power supply. Power consumption varies from 1.5 to 5 kW depending on the model. Some larger machines require three-phase 400V power, which may necessitate upgrading the electrical installation.
The power circuit must be protected by an appropriate residual current device (RCD). A separate protection rated at 16-25A is recommended for the milling machine. Power cables should have a cross-section of at least 2.5 mm² for power up to 3kW.
The control system requires stable, interference-free power supply. The control computer needs a separate power outlet. Some models require compressed air for spindle cooling or tool changing.
Chip and Dust Extraction Systems
An effective chip extraction system is crucial for the proper operation of the machine. Most home milling machines work with industrial vacuum cleaners with a minimum power of 300 EUR. The suction capacity should be at least 50 m³/h for efficient dust removal.
Wood chip extraction requires less suction power than aluminum dust. Processing plastics generates electrostatic dust requiring special filters. The extraction system must be adapted to the type of materials being processed.
Components of the extraction system require regular maintenance. An industrial vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter ensures the highest filtration efficiency. Flexible extraction hoses must be regularly checked for damage.
- Industrial vacuum cleaner with HEPA filter
- Flexible extraction hoses
- Guards protecting against chip scatter
- Sealing brushes on moving parts
- Container for larger waste from hard materials
Proper chip extraction extends tool life and improves machining quality. Accumulation of dust in the workspace leads to tool overheating.
Installing an antenna boom above the worktable facilitates positioning of the suction hose. Modern systems use flexible arms that automatically follow the movement of the milling head. This solution eliminates the need to manually move the extraction hose during machining.
The throughput of extraction hoses must match the vacuum cleaner’s capacity. Too narrow hoses restrict airflow and reduce system efficiency. Regular cleaning of hoses prevents buildup of contaminants in bends. Checking connection tightness eliminates vacuum loss at critical points in the system.
Noise and Vibration Levels in Residential Environments
A typical CNC milling machine generates noise levels between 60-80 dB during operation. High-speed spindles can reach 90 dB, requiring hearing protection. Machining different materials significantly affects noise levels generated.
Vibrations transmitted through the foundation can be disturbing to household members. Proper vibration isolation eliminates this problem. Anti-vibration mats under the machine reduce vibration transmission to building structures by 70-80%.
Milling machine operating hours should comply with nighttime quiet regulations. Most local governments prohibit noisy work after 10:00 PM. Scheduling projects during daytime hours avoids conflicts with neighbors.
Foundation Stability and Machine Mounting
A solid foundation ensures machining precision and long machine lifespan. The workbench must withstand the milling machine’s weight plus dynamic forces during operation. Minimum tabletop thickness is 40mm for hardwood or 20mm for steel.
A concrete foundation slab 15-20cm thick is ideal for heavier machines. Leveling tolerance cannot exceed 0.2mm per meter horizontally. Chemical anchors or expansion bolts provide a durable connection to the substrate.
Tip: Before installing the milling machine, check the load capacity of the ceiling, especially when installing on an upper floor. The weight of the machine plus vibrations can overload the building structure.
Budget Needed for Purchasing and Starting a CNC Milling Machine
The costs associated with starting a home CNC milling machine far exceed the purchase price of the machine itself. Besides the basic device, tools, software, and consumables are required. Proper budget calculation helps avoid unpleasant financial surprises.
The initial investment in a complete CNC workstation ranges from 1,250 to 6,250 EUR. Basic hobby models cost 750-2,000 EUR, while professional home devices reach 3,750-7,500 EUR. Additional costs include equipment and workstation setup.
Machine Purchase Costs for Different User Groups
Hobbyists will be satisfied with a milling machine priced between 1,000-2,000 EUR with a working area of 300x400mm. These machines allow processing of wood, plastics, and soft aluminum. The aluminum profile construction provides adequate rigidity at an affordable price.
Semi-professionals choose devices costing 2,000-3,750 EUR with a larger working area. These models feature higher precision and the ability to process harder materials. Automatic tool changing significantly speeds up work on series production.
Price ranges vary greatly depending on application. A beginner hobbyist can start with a machine costing 750-1,250 EUR with a working area of 200x300mm. An advanced amateur needs a device costing 1,250-2,500 EUR with an area of 300x400mm.
| User Category | Machine Price (EUR) | Working Area (mm) | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beginner Hobbyist | 750-1250 | 200×300 | Small projects, learning |
| Advanced Amateur | 1250-2500 | 300×400 | Wide range of projects |
| Semi-professional | 2500-5000 | 600×900 | Small series, commercial parts |
Professional home machines cost 5,000-10,000 EUR, offering industrial precision. ATC spindles with automatic tool changers increase work efficiency. Tool cooling systems enable machining of steel and titanium.
Expenses for Cutting Tools and Accessories
A basic set of cutters costs 200-375 EUR and includes tools for popular materials. Carbide cutters for wood cost 12.50-37.50 EUR each. Metalworking tools are more expensive – 25-100 EUR per cutter depending on coating and quality.
Tool replacement occurs after 50-200 hours of work depending on the material. The operating cost of tools is 0.75-2 EUR per machine hour. High-quality carbide cutters last significantly longer than cheap high-speed steel equivalents.
Essential tools to start working represent a significant expense. A set of cylindrical cutters with diameters of 6-12mm costs 75-125 EUR. Ball nose cutters for 3D machining in sizes 2-8mm cost 62.50-100 EUR.
- Set of cylindrical cutters (6-12mm): 75-125 EUR
- Ball nose cutters for 3D machining (2-8mm): 62.50-100 EUR
- Spiral drills (1-10mm): 37.50-62.50 EUR
- Machine vise: 50-150 EUR
- Material clamps: 75-200 EUR
The quality of tools directly affects work results and operating costs. Cheap cutters from hardware supermarkets dull quickly and produce poorer results. Investing in good tools pays off quickly.
Design and Machine Control Software
Free CAM software like EstlCam or FreeCAD is sufficient for basic projects. Paid programs offer more features – Cut2D Pro costs 557 EUR, VCarve Pro 891.50 EUR. Professional packages like Aspire reach a price of 2449.75 EUR.
Machine control software is usually free. Mach3 or LinuxCNC run on a standard PC. Some machines require a dedicated controller, increasing costs by 250-750 EUR.
Postprocessors for popular CAM programs are available for free. Special modifications for specific machines may cost 125-375 EUR. Software training expenses range from 250 to 750 EUR but significantly speed up learning.
Consumables and Maintenance Supplies
Regular maintenance extends machine life and ensures precision work. Oils and lubricants cost 50-100 EUR annually with intensive use. Bearing replacement occurs every 2-3 years and costs 75-200 EUR depending on the type.
Materials for machining represent a significant operating cost. An 18mm plywood sheet costs 20-30 EUR/m². Aluminum with a thickness of 10mm costs 50-87.50 EUR per m². Plastics are cheaper – 25-50 EUR per m² sheet.
Tip: Keep an operating cost log to accurately price future projects. The cost of materials and tools often exceeds machine running time.
CNC Milling as a Hobby and Additional Source of Income
A home CNC milling machine can turn a passion into an additional source of income. Growing demand for personalized products creates opportunities for small workshops. The key to success is finding a market niche and building a loyal customer base.
The average hobbyist can earn 500-1,250 EUR per month on part-time projects. With full commitment, income reaches 2,000-3,750 EUR per month. Success depends on marketing skills and the quality of the products made.
Opportunities for Commercializing Own Projects
Unique projects of one’s own creation bring the highest margins. Personalized plaques cost 12.50-50 EUR with a production time of 1-2 hours. Decorative interior elements reach prices of 25-125 EUR depending on complexity.
Limited series increase product attractiveness. Numbered gadgets for sports or gaming fans sell for 37.50-100 EUR each. Original wood engraving designs find buyers at prices of 50-200 EUR.
Collaboration with local companies opens new opportunities. Display elements for stores, informational plaques, or leaflet stands provide steady income. Monthly contracts for small items can bring 750-2,000 EUR.
Sales Platforms for Home-Made Products
Allegro remains the most popular sales platform in Poland. A commission of 9-12% on sales value is compensated by high customer traffic. Professional product photos increase sales by 40-60%.
Etsy specializes in handmade products and allows for higher margins. Its international reach opens access to customers worldwide. Products described in English achieve higher prices than similar ones on the Polish market.
Effective sales channels vary in efficiency and costs. Social media provides free access to customers but requires time to build reach. A website gives full control over the sales process.
- Social media (Facebook, Instagram): free access to customers
- Website: full control over the sales process
- Craft fairs: direct contact with buyers
- Collaboration with galleries: higher margins, lower volume
- Brick-and-mortar stores: permanent sales point at a location
The choice of the right platform depends on the type of products and target group. Premium products sell better through own channels than on price-driven platforms.
Profitability Calculation for Small Orders
The minimum hourly rate should cover operating costs plus profit. With machine depreciation over 5 years, the hourly work cost is 3.75-8.75 EUR. Additionally, materials, tools, and energy add up to a total of 6.25–12.50 EUR per working hour.
Competitive CNC service prices in Poland range from 33.75 to 62.50 EUR per hour. A home workshop can offer lower rates due to smaller fixed costs. The optimal margin is 100-150% of direct costs.
The minimum order should cover machine setup time. Program preparation and material setup take 30-60 minutes. Orders above 37.50 EUR are profitable, which translates into at least 2-3 hours of machine work.
Tip: Keep an accurate record of working hours to realistically price future projects. Programming and preparation time often exceed the actual machining process.
Safety When Working with a CNC Milling Machine at Home
Safe operation of a CNC milling machine requires strict adherence to procedures. High tool speeds and significant cutting forces pose serious hazards. Proper workstation setup and use of protective measures eliminate most risks.
Statistics show that 90% of CNC machine accidents result from ignoring safety procedures. The most common causes are lack of protective equipment, improper material clamping, and working without guards. Following safety regulations is crucial for safe work.
Personal Protective Equipment When Operating the Machine
Safety glasses are mandatory during any work on the milling machine. Aluminum chips can reach speeds over 62 mph when ejected from machining. Polycarbonate lenses withstand impacts from metal fragments without cracking.
Hearing protectors prevent damage caused by prolonged noise exposure. High-speed spindles generate sounds above 85 dB. Earplugs reduce noise by 20-30 dB, earmuffs by 25-35 dB.
Essential personal protective equipment requires consistent use. Safety glasses certified to EN 166 ensure proper durability. Clothing without loose elements eliminates the risk of catching on moving parts.
- Safety glasses certified to EN 166
- Hearing protection (earplugs or earmuffs)
- Clothing without loose elements
- Shoes with non-slip soles
- Gloves only when clamping material
- Dust mask when machining wood
Long hair must be tied back or covered with a cap. Jewelry can catch on moving machine parts. Loose sleeves or ties pose a fatal hazard at high spindle speeds.
Regular inspection of personal protective equipment ensures effectiveness. Scratched safety glass lenses reduce visibility and can lead to accidents. Damaged flexible cords on hearing protectors also require replacement.
The workshop room temperature affects comfort when wearing protective gear. During prolonged work, glasses may fog up, limiting operator visibility. Modern models feature anti-fog ventilation or coatings that prevent condensation buildup. Additional securing straps prevent glasses from falling off when leaning over the machine.
Room Ventilation and Contaminant Removal
Effective ventilation removes harmful dust and fumes from the workshop. Machining plastics releases toxic compounds requiring intensive air exchange. The minimum air exchange rate is 6-8 room volumes per hour.
Exhaust fans should be placed in opposite corners of the room. Fresh air intake must balance exhaust airflow. HEPA filters in the ventilation system trap fine dust particles.
The chip extraction system operates independently from general ventilation. Central vacuuming eliminates dust accumulation in the room. Exhaust ducts must be grounded against electrostatic charges.
Emergency Procedures and First Aid
The STOP safety button must be easily accessible from the operator’s position. Pressing the button immediately stops all machine and spindle movements. Emergency system tests should be performed before each startup.
The first aid kit should contain eye wash solutions. Contact with metal shavings or dust requires immediate eye rinsing. Pressure dressings stop bleeding from cut wounds.
Basic emergency procedures must be known to all workshop users. Stopping the machine with the STOP button is the first step in an emergency. Cutting off power with the main switch prevents accidental startup.
- Stop the machine using the STOP button
- Cut off power with the main switch
- Call for medical help in case of serious injuries
- Secure the accident site to prevent further damage
- Document the causes of the incident
Knowing these procedures can save lives in a crisis situation. Regular training reminds users of proper reactions under stress.
Storage of Tools and Hazardous Materials
Sharp cutting tools require safe storage. Lockable cabinets protect against accidental contact and theft. Each milling cutter should have edge protection during transport.
Flammable solvents and oils are stored in a fireproof cabinet. The maximum amount of flammable substances in the workshop is 12.5 EUR liters. An ABC powder fire extinguisher must be available within 10 meters of the workstation.
Dust-producing materials, such as MDF, require special storage conditions. Moisture causes warping and dimensional changes in boards. The stack of boards must not exceed 2 meters in height for safety reasons.
Tip: Develop and follow a written health and safety instruction tailored to the brand and model of your milling machine. Regular training of household members increases the safety of the entire family.
Popular Projects Carried Out in a Home Workshop
A home CNC milling machine enables a wide range of projects. From simple engravings to complex mechanical parts, possibilities are virtually unlimited. Project choice depends on operator skills, equipment capabilities, and available materials.
The most popular hobby projects include decorative wooden elements and engraved plaques. Advanced users create spare parts for equipment and prototypes of their own inventions. Every project develops skills and expands technical capabilities of the workshop.
Interior Elements and Custom Furniture
Personalized interior elements are gaining popularity. Cabinet handles, drawer fronts, or decorative baseboards can be made exactly to specifications. Unusual room dimensions are not a problem with in-house production.
Wall shelves with original designs can be made in a few hours of work. Using different wood species allows interesting color effects. Engraved patterns give furniture a unique character unavailable in mass production.
Popular furniture projects cover a wide range of applications. Kitchen cabinet fronts with engraved patterns are one of the most valued elements. Drawer organizers tailored to dimensions eliminate storage chaos.
- Kitchen cabinet fronts with engraved patterns
- Drawer organizers tailored to dimensions
- Wall hooks with unusual shapes
- Night lamps with cut-out plywood patterns
- Coffee tables with routed motifs on the tabletop
Self-made furniture fittings are more durable than mass-produced counterparts. The ability to select material and dimensions ensures a perfect fit. The costs of in-house production are lower than purchasing custom-made components.
Tool organizers made of styrodur offer very good damping and protective properties. Precisely shaped pockets protect tools from damage and facilitate organization in the workshop. Each element can be matched to a specific tool, which reduces unnecessary shifting when searching for the right position.
Decorative elements made from various types of wood allow for creating unique compositions. Contrasting combinations of light birch with dark walnut create striking accents in the home. The depth of routing can be programmatically changed, enabling the formation of three-dimensional compositions on a single element. The combination of engraving and cutting opens wide artistic possibilities.
CNC Milling Services at CNC Partner
CNC Partner specializes in modern metal processing using CNC milling technology. The company combines many years of experience with the latest machine park. The advanced machining center guarantees the highest precision even for the most demanding projects.
The comprehensive offer includes milling precise components for various industrial sectors. The use of modern machines such as +GF+ Mikron VCE 1600 Pro and AVIA VMC 800 V allows for executing complex geometries. The automatic tool change system (ATC) ensures continuous production and high efficiency.
Advanced Machine Park for Milling
The modern machining center is equipped with four CNC milling machines with different capabilities. The largest machine, +GF+ Mikron VCE 1600 Pro from 2017, offers a working area of 1700 x 900 x 800mm. Smaller units AVIA VMC 650 V and VMC 800 V provide flexibility in producing various components.
Each machine is equipped with cooling systems and chip removal. Automatic tool changing reduces setup times between operations. Precise linear guides guarantee dimensional repeatability at the micrometer level.
Comprehensive Machining Services Offer
CNC Partner provides a full range of CNC metal machining services. In addition to milling, the company offers turning services, wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), and CNC grinding. Such a broad offer allows for comprehensive project support requiring various technologies.
Specialization in aluminum machining and structural steel S235 and S355 proves effective in the automotive industry. Experience working with alloy 7075 opens opportunities for collaboration with the aerospace sector. Precise manufacturing of medical implants requires special quality certification.
CNC Metalworking Services
Quality and Timeliness of Order Fulfillment
The quality control system covers every stage of production from material receipt to shipment. Quotes are prepared within 2-48 hours after receiving an inquiry. Order fulfillment time ranges from 3 to 45 days depending on project complexity.
In-house logistics ensures deliveries within no more than 48 hours across Poland. Cooperation with clients from France, Germany, and Switzerland confirms the high quality of services. Customer reviews with a rating of 5.0 from 59 positive reviews testify to the company’s professionalism.
Check current CNC milling service prices and contact experts for a free quote. The technical advisory team will help select the optimal machining technology for each project. Order a consultation and discover the possibilities of modern CNC milling.
Spare Parts for Household Appliances and Consumer Electronics
Difficult-to-find parts for older devices can be reproduced in-house. Plastic components from refrigerators, washing machines, or vacuum cleaners are made from commercially available materials. CNC milling precision ensures perfect fit to original parts.
Aluminum knobs for radios or amplifiers are more durable than original plastic ones. Original designs give equipment an individual character. Replacing aesthetic elements rejuvenates the appearance of old devices.
A photographic lens adapter allows using old lenses on new cameras. Manufacturing precision affects optical connection quality. In-house production costs several euros instead of hundreds for an original adapter.
Promotional Gadgets and Corporate Gifts
Handmade personalized corporate gadgets stand out in the market. Keychains with company logos, business card holders, or pen stands are simple designs with high marketing value. Small batches allow testing of different patterns.
Occasional gifts with engraved names have high sentimental value. Jewelry boxes, photo frames, or coasters personalized with a surname are always appreciated. Production time is 1-2 hours with a margin of 200-400%.
Profitable promotional gadgets are characterized by simplicity of production and attractive pricing. Corporate keychains can be made in 20 minutes for 3.75-7.50 EUR each. Logo business card holders require 45 minutes of work and cost 12.50-20 EUR.
- Corporate keychains: 3.75-7.50 EUR/each, production time 20 min
- Logo business card holders: 12.50-20 EUR/each, production time 45 min
- Coasters: 6.25-10 EUR/each, production time 30 min
- Pen stands: 15-25 EUR/each, production time 1 hour
- Information plaques: 20-37.50 EUR/each, production time 1.5 hours
The quality of gadget production influences brand perception. Precise logo engraving builds positive associations with the company.
Prototypes of Inventions and Test Models
Creating prototypes significantly speeds up the product development process. The ability to quickly produce and modify components shortens design time. Functional tests on real models detect problems impossible to notice in CAD programs.
Architectural models made from various materials present projects at actual scale. Cut levels of buildings assemble into a three-dimensional model. Transparent plexiglass elements show building interiors.
Parts for drones and RC models require high precision manufacturing. In-house production allows modifications that improve performance. Costs are much lower than purchasing ready-made carbon fiber components.
Accessories for Other Hobbies and Interests
Photographers will appreciate tripod bases tailored to specific needs. Unusual angles or additional mounting points expand equipment capabilities. Lens filters made from appropriate materials rival expensive brand-name products.
Fishing accessories such as bait holders or hook organizers are created according to individual needs. Customization of colors and shapes makes equipment easier to recognize by the water. In-house production costs a fraction of store prices.
Tip: Start with simple projects, gradually increasing their complexity. Each completed item develops skills and provides inspiration for future endeavors.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions
What space is needed to set up a CNC milling machine at home?
The minimum workshop area is 6 square meters for compact home models. Milling machines with a working area of 300x400mm occupy about 1-2 square meters of base space. Space should also be allowed for free access to the machine from all sides.
Larger models with a working area of 600x900mm require a room with a minimum area of 10 square meters. The room height should be at least 2.5 meters, taking into account the machine’s working envelope. Basic spatial requirements include space for the control computer, industrial vacuum cleaner, and shelves for tools and materials. Power access requires a separate electrical circuit protected by a residual current device.
What is the cost of purchasing and starting up a home CNC milling machine?
The initial investment in a complete CNC workstation ranges from 1,250 to 6,250 EUR depending on user requirements. Basic hobby models cost 750-2,000 EUR, while professional home devices reach prices of 3,750-7,500 EUR. Electronics account for about 40% of the total machine build cost.
Additional costs include cutting tools costing 200-375 EUR, CAM software priced at 500-1,000 EUR, and consumables. An industrial vacuum cleaner costs 300-750 EUR, and the material clamping system requires a budget of 125-300 EUR. Annual operating costs are around 500-1,000 EUR covering tool replacement, oils, and maintenance materials.
What materials can be processed on a home CNC milling machine?
Home CNC milling machines handle all types of wood and wood-based materials very well. Plywood, MDF, and chipboard are the most popular materials in hobby workshops. Plastics such as polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polypropylene also yield excellent machining results.
Soft metals like aluminum require a stronger spindle with at least 1000W power and appropriate cooling. Copper is easy to machine due to its plasticity but requires intensive cooling because of its high thermal conductivity. Difficult materials such as stainless steel or titanium require specialized tools and extensive operator experience.
Does a home CNC milling machine generate a lot of noise?
The noise level generated by a home CNC milling machine is 60-80 dB during normal operation. High-speed spindles can reach 90 dB, necessitating the use of hearing protection. Machining different materials significantly affects the noise intensity generated.
Hardwoods generate more noise than softwoods. Aluminum with improper cutting parameters can produce piercing sounds exceeding 100 dB. Acoustic insulation of the room and anti-vibration mats under the machine reduce noise transmission to adjacent rooms. Working during daytime hours complies with nighttime quiet regulations in most municipalities.
What are the most common problems for beginner CNC milling machine users?
Imprecise material clamping causes 70% of problems among beginner users. Material shifting during machining leads to tool damage and project destruction. Incorrect cutting parameters result in broken cutters and wavy surface finishes.
Software issues include incorrect tool path generation and improper post-processor settings. Lack of systematic maintenance leads to increased play in the guides and deterioration of machining precision. Work safety requires adherence to procedures and the use of personal protective equipment during every machine operation.
Summary
CNC milling in a home workshop has become a viable alternative to costly external services. A properly selected machine serves for years, completing countless hobby and commercial projects. Investing in a complete CNC workstation requires a well-planned budget covering the machine, tools, and software.
Work safety must be a priority when operating the device in a home environment. Proper room preparation, use of protective measures, and compliance with procedures eliminate most hazards. Regular maintenance and systematic training ensure long-lasting and safe operation.
The potential commercialization of hobbies creates an additional source of income for technology enthusiasts. Growing demand for personalized products and custom-made parts opens broad development prospects for small workshops. Success, however, requires consistent effort in skill development and building a customer base.
Sources:
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- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263224118300903
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_(machining)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_numerical_control
- https://www.iso.org/standard/55666.html
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